You are already observing the Sun!
Basically, that is all you need to know to observe the Sun. Remember that if your idea is to do sustained monitoring, you must have several copies of the 16 cm circle on the cardboard, for which you simply need to photocopy according to the number of days you have. you plan to observe. The projection method is the most used by amateurs, since it is cheap, safe and allows several people to observe the image; There is another method, using an H-Alpha filter that is attached to the eyepiece for direct observation, but with the disadvantage that it is a very expensive filter and only allows individual observation. Once you are familiar with solar observation, remember to keep your records and be rigorous with your notes, something essential for continued observation to be useful.
Observation times
There are no specific guidelines regarding observation time, except for the recommendation of not keeping the instrument pointed at the Sun for long periods of time; Likewise, continuous exposure to the Sun can be exhausting and straining for the observer, since this should not represent more time than that necessary to make the spot records, unless the observation contemplates a different phenomenon, such as an eclipse or a transit. . Some observing suggestions for sunspots are:
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Carry out two daily observation sessions, 1 hour in the morning and 1 hour in the afternoon (to verify changes in the location of the spots).
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Do solar observation about 2 times a week, each at an interval of 3~4 days.
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If one day weather conditions prevent the observation from being made, this must be recorded in the log.
Annex: Graduated solar circle
If you are interested in tracking using a graduated circle to record the location of sunspots in coordinates, you can download it from here. I also suggest that if you are thinking about doing more advanced tracking and classification, for example using the McIntosh classification or the Wolf's number, there are several information guides available on the Internet. This tutorial only aims to introduce the amateur to the basic notions of solar observation, but as in any other activity, it is always desirable to aspire to make increasingly complex records. Good luck with the observation!
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