Specifically, in the case of Mars, oppositions occur every 26 months (2 years and 2 months) and occur when the Earth "catches up" with the red planet in its orbit, the moment when both bodies are at their closest. When this occurs, Mars increases its luminosity in the sky, potentially surpassing Sirius and Jupiter, favouring telescope observations; furthermore, this event is used in space missions to the red planet, since being closer, the travel time of a probe is shorter, with a consequent saving of energy. As can be seen in the image on the side, the most favourable oppositions occur between August and September (during the perihelion) and the most unfavourable ones occur between February and March (during the aphelion).
Let's review the opposition of Mars in 2003. This was a very favorable perihelic opposition (closest distance from the planet in 60,000 years), which many hobbyists took advantage of observing. The powerpoint alludes to several facts regarding this approach, therefore, below I make a parallel between the real events of the 2003 opposition, and the data provided by the powerpoint.
Mars in August 2003
| Characteristics | Real data | Powerpoint Data |
| Maximum approach: | August 27th | August 27th |
| Closest proximity from: | 60,000 years ago | 5,000 years ago |
| Next similar approach: | Year 2,287 | Year 2,287/60,000 years from now (contradiction) |
| Cause of approach: | Earth “catches up” to Mars in its orbit | Jupiter's gravity affects and disorients Mars orbit |
| Distance from Mars: | 55,762,696 km | 55,762,696 km |
| «Ranking» of luminosity: | 4th brightest star | 2nd brightest star |
| Apparent magnitude: | -2.9 | -2.9 |
| Apparent size: | 25.11 arc seconds | 25.11 arc seconds |
| Exit: | 22:25 UT (18:25 Chile time) | «With the fall of night» |
| Culmination: | 04:54 UT (12:54 Chile time) | 12:30 am |
To briefly refer to the erroneous points of the powerpoint, I can only say that there were a series of confusions, where the most notable is the cause of the approaches occurring (which has nothing to do with the gravity of Jupiter). If you want to corroborate the real data I mention, you can do so with any astronomy software available on the Internet, many of them free (I have a list of them in my Software section).
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