{"id":1969,"date":"2014-12-11T18:39:23","date_gmt":"2014-12-11T18:39:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.austrinus.com\/?p=1969"},"modified":"2022-12-01T23:49:52","modified_gmt":"2022-12-02T02:49:52","slug":"asteroides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/asteroides\/","title":{"rendered":"asteroids"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">An asteroid is a rocky object that is in orbit around the Sun, but its small size and other factors mean that they are not considered planets or dwarf planets, which is why they are also called planetoids or minor planets. The largest asteroids are a few hundred kilometers in size, and most of them lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, in a group that is globally known as\u00a0<strong>Main Asteroid Belt\u00a0<\/strong>(where the dwarf planet is located\u00a0<em>Ceres<\/em>).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7294\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7294\" style=\"width: 401px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7294\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nea-asteroids-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nea-asteroids-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/nea-asteroids.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Representation of the main asteroid belt. Credit: ESO \/ M. Kornmesser<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">There is also another area with a large number of these rocky bodies, called\u00a0<strong>Kuiper Belt<\/strong>, which extends beyond the orbit of Neptune, and in whose immensities the dwarf planets are found\u00a0<em>Pluto<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Eris<\/em>,\u00a0<em>makemake<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>Haumea\u00a0<\/em>(Together, all objects beyond Neptune, such as the Kuiper Belt, are also called trans-Neptunian objects). Asteroids are in a way the remnants left from the formation of the Solar System, since they never managed to unite and form larger bodies. Its composition can be carbonaceous or metallic.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Asteroid classifications<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Besides of\u00a0<em>Main Belt<\/em>\u00a0which is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, there are other names that account for these objects according to their position in the Solar System. However, not all asteroids have been classified and identified, so there are also wandering asteroids that are trying to be detected with modern instruments on Earth.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong>Trojan asteroids<\/strong>: These are those that are in the same orbit as Jupiter, located at their Lagrange points in front of and behind the planet (positions L4 and L5). This makes these asteroids &quot;stationary&quot; in relation to the planet and always maintain the same distance from the planet. There are some Trojan asteroids that do not move in the same orbit as Jupiter. This is the case of the asteroid (5261) Eureka, in the same orbit as Mars, while Neptune has 5 Trojan-type asteroids.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\"><strong>centaur asteroids<\/strong>: They are those that orbit the outer sector of the Solar System, where their orbits intersect with those of the large outer planets. Some asteroids such as (2060) Chiron orbit between Saturn and Uranus, while the asteroid (5335) Domocles orbits between Mars and Uranus. These asteroids never have orbits further away than those of Neptune, and their most characteristic feature is the high eccentricity of their orbits.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Transneptunian object<\/b>: It is any minor body in the Solar System orbiting the Sun beyond Neptune.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Near-Earth Asteroids<\/strong>: Better known by their English acronym,\u00a0<em>NEA<\/em>\u00a0(<strong>Near-Earth Asteroid<\/strong>), are objects that are in an orbit that makes them pass close to our planet, a situation that is of special interest in the event that one of these objects slightly modifies its orbit and becomes a\u00a0<em>Potentially Hazardous Asteroid<\/em>\u00a0(<em>PHA<\/em>, Potentially\u00a0<strong>Hazardous Asteroid<\/strong>), with the possibility of impacting the Earth and causing a catastrophe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7296\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7296\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-classes-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-classes-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-classes-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-classes-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-classes.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asteroid belt and NEA classifications: Aten, Apollo and Amor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">Near-Earth asteroids are in turn subdivided into 3 types: Apollo asteroids (those whose perihelion is closer than the Earth&#039;s orbit, and therefore cross its orbit), Love asteroids (located between Earth and Mars) and Aton asteroids. (whose orbit is normally within the Earth&#039;s orbit).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Aton<\/strong>: Asteroids with an orbit whose semimajor axis is smaller than that of the Earth (1 AU), although they can cross the Earth&#039;s orbit.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Apollo<\/strong>: Asteroids with an orbit whose semimajor axis is greater than that of the Earth (1 AU), and whose perihelion is less than the aphelion of the Earth.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Love<\/strong>: Asteroids whose orbit is between that of the Earth and Mars, crossing the Martian orbit but not the Earth&#039;s.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">These families of asteroids make up the current NEA discoveries. An NEA, by definition, is an object whose trajectory brings it closer to the Earth at less than 1.3 ua* from the Sun and less than 0.3 ua* from the Earth.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><strong>ua<\/strong>: astronomical unit (in English <strong>ouch<\/strong>), used in astronomy to denote distances of objects within the Solar System. 1 ua is equivalent to the average distance between the Sun and the Earth (149,597,870,700 km).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><center><div style=\"width: 400px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1969-1\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Orbita-cuasi-satelite.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Orbita-cuasi-satelite.mp4\">http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/Orbita-cuasi-satelite.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div><\/center><br \/>\nA\u00a0<strong>quasi-satellite<\/strong>\u00a0It is an object that during its orbit around a star, is in 1:1 resonance with some planet, as seen in the animation. For a quasi-satellite of Earth, it would mean orbiting the Sun in the same 365 days as we do.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">A quasi-satellite completes an orbit around the star in the same time as the planet, but with a different eccentricity. When viewed from the planet&#039;s perspective, the quasi-satellite appears to move in a retrograde, \u201coblong\u201d orbit around the planet, hence the name \u201cquasi-satellite.\u201d An example of this type of object is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_OL339\">2014OL<sub>339<\/sub><\/a>, Earth&#039;s 4th known quasi-satellite (<a href=\"https:\/\/farid.austrinus.com\/2014\/08\/05\/he-descubierto-un-asteroide-2014-ol339\/\">discovered<\/a> by Farid Char, author of this website!).<\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<p><strong>Do all asteroids have names?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Newly discovered asteroids receive a provisional designation, which can later change to a definitive name. The provisional designation is composed this way:<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7299 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-1024x255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-1024x255.png 1024w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-768x191.png 768w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-1320x329.png 1320w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation-600x150.png 600w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-designation.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">If enough records are obtained from the minor body to calculate an orbit, the object is assigned a sequential number (denomination). Example:<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/99942_Apophis\">99942 Apophis<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4357\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-1024x667.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-1024x667.png 1024w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-600x391.png 600w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-768x500.png 768w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto-1200x781.png 1200w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/frecuencia-impacto.png 1312w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>How often do objects impact the Earth?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The probability that a smaller body will impact us is related to its dimensions. Small meteoroids impact at all hours (disintegrating like meteors); Other older ones do it on scales of years or centuries.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The graph on the side can give you an idea of how exposed we are (statistically speaking) to an asteroid impact actually causing considerable damage.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The <strong>Potentially Hazardous Asteroids<\/strong> (PHAs) are a class of NEOs whose minimum orbital intersection distance with the Earth is <strong>0.05 au or less<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7300\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7300\" style=\"width: 340px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7300\" src=\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/torino-scale.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/torino-scale.jpg 600w, https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/torino-scale-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7300\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Turin scale. Credit: ESA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\">The <strong>Turin stopover<\/strong> allows classifying the degree of impact danger associated with a NEO, which ranges from zero risk (0\/white) to safe collision (10\/red).<br \/>\n<em>* The record was reached by 99942 Apophis (4 in 2004, 0 since 2006)<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Finally, it is important to mention that there are various programs that allow the detection and monitoring of NEOs, grouped under the term \u201c<strong>Spaceguard<\/strong>\u201d, which is currently proposed to detect the 90% of NEOs with a size of 140 m.<\/p>\n<p>It is hoped that thanks to these efforts, as well as other future initiatives that may arise, it will be possible to accurately track as many asteroids as possible, of which many remain to be discovered.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An asteroid is a rocky object that is in orbit around the Sun, but its small size and other factors mean that they are not considered planets or dwarf planets, which is why they are also called planetoids or minor planets. The largest asteroids are a few hundred kilometers in size,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cuerpos-menores"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-150x150.jpg","medium":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-300x200.jpg","medium_large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-768x512.jpg","large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-1024x683.jpg","1536x1536":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg","2048x2048":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg","trp-custom-language-flag":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"Farid","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":false,"magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"Un asteroide es un objeto rocoso que se encuentra en \u00f3rbita alrededor del Sol, pero tanto su reducido tama\u00f1o y otros factores inciden en que no sean considerados como planetas ni planetas enanos, por lo que tambi\u00e9n se denominan planetoides o planetas menores. Los asteroides m\u00e1s grandes tienen unos pocos cientos de kil\u00f3metros de tama\u00f1o,&hellip;","magazineBlocksPostCategories":["Cuerpos menores"],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":1568,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":6,"magazine_blocks_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg",1200,800,false],"medium":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true]},"magazine_blocks_author":{"display_name":"Farid","author_link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/author\/farid\/"},"magazine_blocks_comment":0,"magazine_blocks_author_image":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g","magazine_blocks_category":"<a href=\"#\" class=\"category-link category-link-16\">Cuerpos menores<\/a>","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-768x512.jpg",640,427,true],"large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1-1024x683.jpg",640,427,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg",1200,800,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/asteroid-icon-1.jpg",18,12,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Farid","author_link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/author\/farid\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Un asteroide es un objeto rocoso que se encuentra en \u00f3rbita alrededor del Sol, pero tanto su reducido tama\u00f1o y otros factores inciden en que no sean considerados como planetas ni planetas enanos, por lo que tambi\u00e9n se denominan planetoides o planetas menores. Los asteroides m\u00e1s grandes tienen unos pocos cientos de kil\u00f3metros de tama\u00f1o,&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1969"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7314,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1969\/revisions\/7314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}