Rotation and translation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Is called Rotation<\/strong> to the movement that the Earth makes rotating on itself, that is, around its own axis; The time it takes to make one revolution around its axis is 23h, 56m and 4s<\/strong> (sidereal day). The Earth's axis is inclined at 23\u00ba44' with respect to the ecliptic, and this inclination is what produces the seasons of the year, as well as the long periods of light and darkness at the poles.<\/p>\n<\/div> Is called Translation<\/strong> to the movement that the Earth makes around the Sun, due to its gravitational influence; The time it takes to go around it is 365 d, 5 h and 49 m<\/strong> -365.2522 d- (tropical year). The Earth describes an elliptical path of about 930 million km, its average distance to the Sun being about 150,000,000 km; From this it follows that the Earth moves at about 106,000 km\/h (29.5 km\/s). <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div> Note, from the images shown below, that the inclination of the Earth's axis at 23\u00b0 has a direct impact on what happens during its movement around the Sun, since at different times of the year how much solar radiation reaches it varies. each terrestrial hemisphere, which explains the occurrence of the seasons of the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Annual seasons<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n The Earth's axis of rotation is inclined at 23.5\u00ba and the plane of the Earth's equator does not coincide with that of the ecliptic. This determines our perspective of the annual movement of the Sun and the planets in the sky, and is key to the occurrence of the seasons of the year, since if the Earth did not have its axis tilted, there would simply be no seasons<\/em> (in that case only one part of the Earth - the equator - would constantly receive the Sun's rays perpendicularly).<\/p>\n\n\n In a equinox<\/strong>, the sun's rays fall perpendicularly on the Earth's equator, and day and night last the same length throughout the world. Around March 21, the spring equinox takes place in the Northern Hemisphere, and the autumn equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. Around September 21, the opposite situation takes place (spring equinox in the South, autumn equinox in the North).<\/p>\n\n\n\n In a solstice<\/strong>, the Sun reaches its maximum southern or boreal position. On the southern summer solstice, the Sun reaches its zenith at the Tropic of Capricorn, and on the northern winter solstice, this occurs at the Tropic of Cancer. Around June 21, the summer solstice takes place in the Northern Hemisphere, and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere. Around December 21, the opposite situation takes place (summer solstice in the South, winter solstice in the North).<\/p>\n\n\n\n It is possible to realize the above, if one notices how "high<\/strong>" either "low<\/strong>\u00bb the Sun rises above the horizon, during the peak moments of each season (solstices and equinoxes). For example, note the following animations (fountain<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n In each of them you can see the path that the Sun describes from the city of Durham, during a equinox<\/strong> (the Sun reaches an intermediate point in the sky), during the Summer Solstice<\/strong> (the Sun reaches its maximum position) and Winter Solstice<\/strong> (the Sun reaches its minimum position). In each case, the height above the horizon is related to how "direct" or "perpendicular" the sun's rays reach each location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The only places in the world where the sun's rays arrive perpendicularly during some of these events are those latitudes located above the Tropic of Capricorn<\/em> (23\u00b0 S), Tropic of Cancer (23\u00b0 N)<\/em> and about the Ecuador line<\/em> (0\u00b0). <\/p>\n\n\n\n For example, the city of Antofagasta (approximately 23\u00b0 S, 70\u00b0 W) is located around this geographical area, so during a summer solstice, when the sun's rays arrive perpendicularly, objects they do not cast shadows for a few moments<\/em>. Precisely, this city has a monument<\/a> dedicated to showing the incidence of shadows during solstices and equinoxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Precession and Nutation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Is called Precession<\/strong> to a "wobbling" or "pitch" movement of the Earth's axis on the celestial sphere, which is equivalent to an angle of 23\u00ba 26\u2032 with respect to the ecliptic. This displacement, analogous to that of a spinning top when it is about to stop, traces a complete circle every 25,800 years<\/strong>. Precession is caused by the gravitational influence of the Sun, Moon and planets on Earth. As a consequence, the position of the celestial poles changes slowly but progressively, as well as especially the position of the zodiacal constellations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Is called Nutation<\/strong> to another oscillation of the Earth's pole around its position on the celestial sphere, due to the gravitational influence of the Moon. This displacement causes the poles to trace a "loop" every 18.6 years<\/strong>, moving about nine seconds of arc. The word nutation comes from the Latin \u201cnutare\u201d meaning \u201cto oscillate, to nod.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ecliptic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n It corresponds to the imaginary plane where the Earth's orbit around the Sun is contained, as well as the orbit of most of the planets, which are within or very close to it (except Pluto). The ecliptic line from the Earth marks the path taken by the Sun, the Moon, the planets and the zodiacal constellations throughout the year. The obliquity of the ecliptic with respect to the celestial equator is approximately 23.5\u00ba<\/strong>. The ancients called this line of the sky that way because eclipses occur there.<\/p>\n<\/div> <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Aries Point (or vernal equinox) and Libra Point (or autumnal equinox)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n He Aries Point<\/strong> It is the one in which the Sun crosses from the Southern to the Northern hemisphere, which occurs on ~March 21 (spring equinox in the North, autumn equinox in the South). It has zero Declination and Right Ascension 0h (the RA and the zodiacal constellations begin to be counted); However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, this point has slowly receded since it was calculated and is now in the constellation of Pisces (that is, it should be called Pisces Point<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n He Libra Point<\/strong> It is diametrically opposite that of Aries, and indicates the point at which the Sun crosses from the Northern to the Southern hemisphere, which occurs on ~September 21 (spring equinox in the South, autumn equinox in the North). It has zero declination and 12h Right Ascension; Due to the precession of the equinoxes, this point has also slowly receded since it was calculated and is now located in the constellation of Virgo (that is, it should be called Virgo Point<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Equinoxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n They are each of the two points on the celestial sphere where the ecliptic cuts the celestial equator (equivalent to the Points of Aries and Libra). The equinoxes occur when the Sun is located in the plane of the Earth's equator, being located at the zenith, and therefore impacting its rays perpendicularly. This means that at the equinoxes, night and day have the same length throughout the world (Equinox in Latin means "equal night"<\/em>\u00ab).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Solstices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n They are each of the two points of the year when the Sun reaches its maximum southern or northern position. That is, at the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere the Sun reaches its zenith at noon over the Tropic of Capricorn, and at the winter solstice it reaches its zenith over the Tropic of Cancer, and vice versa; this means that for moments, in places located at tropical latitudes, the rays arrive perpendicularly and objects do not cast shadows, giving the impression that the Sun has "stopped" (Solstice in Latin means ("still sun"<\/em>\u00ab).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Below is a list of the most important basic concepts, in relation to the main movements of the Earth and some phenomena associated with them. Rotation and Translation Rotation is the movement made by the Earth rotating on itself, that is, around its own axis; the time it takes to give a\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomia-posicion"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-150x150.png","medium":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-300x200.png","medium_large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-768x512.png","large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-1024x683.png","1536x1536":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png","2048x2048":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png","trp-custom-language-flag":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"Farid","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":false,"magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"A continuaci\u00f3n se detalla una lista de los conceptos b\u00e1sicos m\u00e1s importantes, en relaci\u00f3n a los principales movimientos de la Tierra y algunos fen\u00f3menos asociados a \u00e9stos. Rotaci\u00f3n y Traslaci\u00f3n Se llama Rotaci\u00f3n al movimiento que realiza la Tierra girando sobre s\u00ed misma, o sea, en torno a su propio eje; el tiempo que tarda en dar una…","magazineBlocksPostCategories":["Astronom\u00eda de posici\u00f3n"],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":1998,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":7,"magazine_blocks_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png",1200,800,false],"medium":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-300x200.png",300,200,true],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-150x150.png",150,150,true]},"magazine_blocks_author":{"display_name":"Farid","author_link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/author\/farid\/"},"magazine_blocks_comment":0,"magazine_blocks_author_image":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g","magazine_blocks_category":"Astronom\u00eda de posici\u00f3n<\/a>","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png",1200,800,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-300x200.png",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-768x512.png",640,427,true],"large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner-1024x683.png",640,427,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png",1200,800,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png",1200,800,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/conceptos-basicos-banner.png",18,12,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Farid","author_link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/author\/farid\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A continuaci\u00f3n se detalla una lista de los conceptos b\u00e1sicos m\u00e1s importantes, en relaci\u00f3n a los principales movimientos de la Tierra y algunos fen\u00f3menos asociados a \u00e9stos. Rotaci\u00f3n y Traslaci\u00f3n Se llama Rotaci\u00f3n al movimiento que realiza la Tierra girando sobre s\u00ed misma, o sea, en torno a su propio eje; el tiempo que tarda en dar una…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=136"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6920,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/136\/revisions\/6920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/earth-spinning.gif\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/earth-orbit.gif\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/rotacion.jpg\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n