{"id":1169,"date":"2012-12-10T16:35:44","date_gmt":"2012-12-10T16:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.austrinus.com\/?p=1169"},"modified":"2025-01-17T05:17:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T08:17:34","slug":"telescopio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/telescopio\/","title":{"rendered":"Telescope"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Telescopio\"Telescopes are instruments that allow the observation of objects at great distances, much better than if we observed them with the naked eye. Galileo Galilei used the telescope for the first time in astronomy in 1609. Newton perfected the original refractor-type model, building a reflector in 1671. Much better models later appeared, and although at first they were only accessible to professional astronomers, they gradually came to the fore. telescope market for the amateur. The most common types of telescopes for this purpose are the following:<\/p>\n

refractor telescope<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"DiagramaIt is based on the use of lenses to direct the received light, focus it and form an image. Its operation is based on the refraction of light. The light beam, when passing through the lens, alters its trajectory and causes an enlarged image of the object. The refracting telescope consists of a lens located at the entrance of the tube, through which the light travels until it reaches an eyepiece at the other end (where one observes). The larger the lens, the better image will be obtained, but given the principle with which this model operates, greater power requires the telescope tube to be longer and more cumbersome.<\/p>\n

Advantages and disadvantages<\/strong><\/p>\n

Advantages\"Telescopio<\/strong>\u2013 The lens of a refractor is not as sensitive to construction errors as a mirror is.
\n\u2013 Sharp image with good contrast (without components in the middle of the tube, as occurs with the secondary mirrors of reflectors)
\n\u2013 The tube is closed and is not exposed to dust or air turbulence inside.
\n\u2013 They do not require much maintenance<\/em><\/p>\n

Disadvantages
\n<\/strong>\u2013 Not very compact and uncomfortable design in large openings
\n\u2013 Very expensive in large openings
\n\u2013 Suffer from residual chromatic aberration (except apochromatic refractors)
\n\u2013 Very expensive in large openings
\n\u2013 Lens distortion at large apertures<\/em><\/p>\n

All this means that there is a limit to the maximum aperture obtainable with a refractor, because the larger the lens is (which in the tube is held only by the edges), gravity causes its own weight to distort its shape and the images lose. sharpness. The largest refractor in the world has a 1.02 m lens and is at the Yerkes Observatory (Wisconsin, USA). Although it has a series of disadvantages compared to other designs, it enjoys wide popularity among hobbyists. They are the most recommended for beginners and their models have features for all tastes.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Reflecting telescope<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"DiagramaIt is based on the use of mirrors to direct the light received, focus it and form the image. Reflecting telescopes are characterized by making the light beam that enters the tube hit twice, instead of only passing it once through a lens like refractors. First the light hits a primary parabolic (or spherical) mirror, located at the base of the tube, and then bounces to a secondary flat mirror, located shortly before the upper end, and finally the concentrated light will finally hit an eyepiece. The use of mirrors instead of lenses is a great advantage in optical astronomy, since the mirrors can be large without causing distortion in the images obtained, as happens with reflectors.<\/p>\n

Advantages and disadvantages<\/strong><\/p>\n

Advantages\"Telescopio<\/strong>\u2013 The apertures are very varied, without affecting too much the compactness and transportability of the telescope
\n\u2013 They are ideal for deep space objects
\n\u2013 They are more economical at large apertures, compared to refractors
\n\u2013 Eliminate chromatic aberration
\n\u2013 They operate in a broader spectrum of light, passing wavelengths that a refractor lens would absorb
\n\u2013 Its manufacturing cost is not too high and it is feasible to build one at home<\/em><\/p>\n

Disadvantages
\n<\/strong>\u2013 Spherical aberration and coma may occur.
\n\u2013 When the tube is open, it is exposed to dust and humidity
\n\u2013 At short focal ratios, the size of the secondary mirror increases, decreasing the contrast and sharpness of the image
\n\u2013 The optical system is sensitive to misalignment if subjected to a strong impact<\/em><\/p>\n

Reflectors solve some problems with refracting telescopes, but they often come with some minor image distortion problems. However, they are the most used by amateur astronomers, thanks to their high performance and the option of having more compact designs that are easy to transport to observation sites far from the city. Likewise, the materials that make up a reflecting telescope lead to an increase in price, although for large apertures, it is more convenient than a refractor.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Catadioptric telescope<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"DiagramaAlso called hybrids, they constitute a combination of the use of lenses and mirrors. This configuration has several variations, but the best known is the\u00a0Schmidt-Cassegrain<\/strong>\u00a0(also called "classic cassegrain<\/em>\u00ab). This has an optical system with a corrective lens located at the top of the tube, through which the light enters until it hits a parabolic mirror with an opening in the center; the light bounces off to a secondary hyperbolic mirror that reflects the light back, passing through said opening until finally reaching an eyepiece, where it is focused and the image is formed.<\/p>\n

Advantages and disadvantages<\/strong><\/p>\n

Advantages\"Telescopio<\/strong>\u2013 Great ease of use and very compact, without implying a short focal length
\n\u2013 Corrective lens allows you to correct spherical aberration
\n\u2013 The tube is closed and is not exposed to dust or air turbulence inside.
\n\u2013 They require little maintenance<\/em><\/p>\n

Disadvantages
\n<\/strong>\u2013 May suffer from \u201cfield curvature\u201d aberration (correctable with a Reducer\/Corrector accessory)
\n\u2013 Suffers loss of contrast and sharpness, due to the space occupied by the secondary mirror in front of the tube
\n\u2013 They are devices whose sophistication makes them more expensive than other models.<\/em><\/p>\n

This design is the most efficient, since it combines the best of the previous ones and eliminates reflector problems, plus its configuration makes it very compact but with a long focal length. In addition to the Schmidt-Cassegrain configuration, there is also the\u00a0Maksutov-Cassegrain<\/strong>, whose primary and secondary mirrors are spherical, and the\u00a0Ritchey-Chretien<\/strong>, whose primary and secondary mirrors are hyperbolic. This variant is currently used by almost all professional telescopes. Their advanced system also makes these telescopes the most expensive for amateur purposes.<\/p>\n

Along with considering these characteristics of the main types of telescopes, the amateur must also take into account the mount, eyepieces and accessories that best suit what he or she wants to achieve with his or her instruments.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Telescopes are instruments that allow the observation of objects at great distances, much better than if we observed them with the naked eye. Galileo Galilei used the telescope for the first time in astronomy in 1609. Newton perfected the original refractor-type model, building a reflector in 1671. Much better models later appeared, and although\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-instrumental"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner-150x150.jpg","medium":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner-300x200.jpg","medium_large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner-768x512.jpg","large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner-1024x683.jpg","1536x1536":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner.jpg","2048x2048":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner.jpg","trp-custom-language-flag":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/telescope-banner.jpg"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"Farid","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":false,"magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"Los telescopios son instrumentos que permiten la observaci\u00f3n de objetos a grandes distancias, mucho mejor que si los observ\u00e1ramos a simple vista.\u00a0Galileo Galilei us\u00f3 por primera vez el telescopio en astronom\u00eda, el a\u00f1o 1609. Newton perfeccion\u00f3 el modelo original de tipo refractor, construyendo un reflector en 1671. 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