{"id":4269,"date":"2018-07-30T00:31:54","date_gmt":"2018-07-30T00:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/austrinus.com\/?page_id=4269"},"modified":"2022-12-04T00:05:28","modified_gmt":"2022-12-04T03:05:28","slug":"evolucion-estelar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/espacio-profundo\/evolucion-estelar\/","title":{"rendered":"Stellar evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stellar evolution includes the life process of stars. These are born, develop and die, going through more or less spectacular phases, which determine how a star will behave in the future, and what will happen in the final stages of its life. Stellar evolution spans billions of years, but astronomers have been able to observe stars at different periods and form a general outline of their evolution. Its main stages are summarized below.<\/p>\n

star formation<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Stars form from clouds of gas. There are mechanisms external to the cloud that compress it and increase its density, and it can contract due to gravity; When it contracts, the cloud fragments into smaller regions that can give rise to stellar embryos.<\/p>\n

As happens in any gas, a pressure appears that tends to slow the fall of matter towards the center and stop contraction. At one point the pressure almost exactly counteracts the attraction: in the area where this happens the contraction practically ceases (in fact it continues, but it does so very slowly).<\/p>\n

A hot core begins to form around which the outer part of the nebulosity rotates, reaching sufficient temperature to generate thermonuclear reactions, such as nuclear fusion; Once this happens, energy is generated and the star begins to shine.<\/p>\n

When the star begins to form, it must respect two balances during its life. He thermal equilibrium<\/em>, where all the energy produced inside must be balanced with the energy radiated outside and its internal temperature. The second is the hydrostatic balance<\/em>; The pressure at any depth in the star must be sufficient to compensate for the weight of the upper layers. Both balances are maintained for millions of years, during which time the star will have a stable life. The mass of the gas cloud determines the mass of the star, and with it, how its subsequent evolution will be.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Active life of the star<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
Representation of an exoplanetary system. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/Tim Pyle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Once the star is consolidated, a period of active life begins without major interruptions. Along with the formation stage, planets could also form around it, the product of surrounding dust and gas remains. While the star remains stable, the main sequence<\/em>, a state in which most stars are found.<\/p>\n

In this state the star works by consuming hydrogen through nuclear fusion; Stars spend approximately 90% of their lives in the main sequence<\/em>.<\/p>\n

There are different types of stars in the main sequence, within their active life. There are large and massive ones, like the blue giants, and other small ones with little mass, like the red dwarfs; our Sun is in the main sequence<\/em>, cataloged as a yellow dwarf. Depending on the mass and characteristics of the star, the time it will be in the main sequence is determined, and then move on to its final stages.<\/p>\n

Final stages of the star<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Stars reach the final stages of their lives when their main fuel, hydrogen, begins to run out. As this is consumed to transform into helium in nuclear fusion reactions, the helium accumulates in the center of the star, but at one point it interrupts the fusion reactions, decreasing its pressure and forcing it to compress and heat up.<\/p>\n

Thus begins a series of new fusion reactions with other elements, which cause an expansion of the star's envelope, whose outer layers gradually cool.<\/p>\n

This dynamic causes the star to begin to expand and modify its status, outside of the main sequence. The specific scenario that will happen next will depend on the initial mass of the star; That is, this aspect will determine your future.<\/p>\n

You will be able to see a more extensive explanation of each stage of stellar evolution, in the subcategories present here.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stellar evolution includes the life process of stars. These are born, develop and die, going through more or less spectacular phases, which determine how a star will behave in the future, and what will happen in the final stages of its life. Stellar evolution spans billions of years, but\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7404,"parent":3944,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4269","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"magazineBlocksPostFeaturedMedia":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-150x150.jpg","medium":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-300x120.jpg","medium_large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-768x307.jpg","large":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-1024x410.jpg","1536x1536":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg","2048x2048":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg","trp-custom-language-flag":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg"},"magazineBlocksPostAuthor":{"name":"Farid","avatar":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/57e8aa07b0d16e13c8408ea413c009fc7da05f4cbb36da0d568b4235b1eaee6b?s=96&r=g"},"magazineBlocksPostCommentsNumber":false,"magazineBlocksPostExcerpt":"La evoluci\u00f3n estelar comprende el proceso vital de las estrellas. \u00c9stas nacen, se desarrollan y mueren, pasando por fases m\u00e1s o menos espectaculares, las cuales determinan c\u00f3mo se comportar\u00e1 una estrella en el futuro, y qu\u00e9 pasar\u00e1 en las etapas finales de su vida. La evoluci\u00f3n estelar abarca miles de millones de a\u00f1os, pero los…","magazineBlocksPostCategories":[],"magazineBlocksPostViewCount":0,"magazineBlocksPostReadTime":4,"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg",1200,480,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-300x120.jpg",300,120,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-768x307.jpg",640,256,true],"large":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner-1024x410.jpg",640,256,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg",1200,480,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg",1200,480,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/austrinus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stellar-evolution-banner.jpg",18,7,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Farid","author_link":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/author\/farid\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"La evoluci\u00f3n estelar comprende el proceso vital de las estrellas. \u00c9stas nacen, se desarrollan y mueren, pasando por fases m\u00e1s o menos espectaculares, las cuales determinan c\u00f3mo se comportar\u00e1 una estrella en el futuro, y qu\u00e9 pasar\u00e1 en las etapas finales de su vida. La evoluci\u00f3n estelar abarca miles de millones de a\u00f1os, pero los…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4269"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7415,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4269\/revisions\/7415"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/austrinus.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}